The Planetary Cabinet - Nava Nayaka of Samvatsara

As per the Hindu calendar, a time cycle consists of 60 years (Samvatsara) and each of the Samvatsara's are associated with a specific name and the cycle keeps repeating every 60 years. The Samvatsara's by themselves are again divided into groups of 3 consisting of 20 Samvatsara's each with the trinity of Brahma (1 to 20), Vishnu (21 to 40) and Shiva (41 to 60) ruling a period of 20 years amidst these 60 years. The current time cycle beginning with Prabhava Samvatsara started in 1987-88 and will be completed with Akshaya Samvatsara in 2046-47 after which the cycle will once again reflect with Prabhava. The current operational year of 2023-24 happens to be the 37th and is titled 'Shobakrithu'.

The cycle of 60 is obtained from the relative positions of the two furthest planets in the sky as per Vedic Astrology namely Jupiter and Saturn which signify Dharma and Karma respectively. The orbital time taken by Jupiter to traverse the zodiac is approximately 12 years (1 year in each zodiac sign) and that of Saturn is 30 years (2.5 years in each zodiac sign). The least common multiple of 12 and 30 happens to be 60 and hence a time cycle consists of 60 years. It is also roughly the period in which both these planets will cross each other's part and hence the special significance with the number 60.

As per the Panchang, each year begins with the predictions of Sage 'Idaikadar' who delineates about what to expect in a particular year in the form of a verse. Some years from the Sanskrit names itself can be deduced to be good and certain years connote to be inauspicious for the world in general. For Sobhakritu year it is termed as a 'Mangalam' year that denotes prosperity and auspicious happenings taking place in general.

There is however some dissonance with respect to when exactly a year begins. As per the Lunar calendar which is largely adopted amongst Telugu and Kannada speaking population, it occurs during 'Yugadi' which takes place with the rise of Shukla Paksha Pratipada (Pratamai/Padyami) in Chaitra Masa. This normally takes place somewhere between the middle of March and April. However as per the Solar calendar which is mostly followed by Tamil and Malayalam speaking states, a year begins only with the ingress of Sun into the sign of Aries or Mesha Rasi known as 'Chithirai' ushering in the festival of Puthandu / Vishu which normally happens around 13/14/15th of April.

Speaking about the Panchang, there is an important concept called 'Nava Nayaka' which plays a vital role in determining various constituents and giving a breakdown on what to expect with respect to few important portfolios. Like how in politics we see different portfolios being occupied by ministerial candidates, in a similar vein we see different planets taking control of certain positions at the beginning of every Hindu year. The different portfolios which arise every year at the beginning of a Samvatsara happen to be:

- Raja : King (Overall Control)

- Mantri : Minister (Administration)

- Senadipati : Commander in Chief (Law and Order, Defence)

- Arghyadipati : Water (Water Levels, Prices of products, Finances)

- Meghadipati : Clouds (Rainfall, Kind of Weather)

- Sasyadipati : Agriculture (Agricultural Products, Underground Produce)

- Dhanyadipati : Grains (Food crops, Cereals)

- Rasadipati : Commodities (Essential Spices, Medicinal Drugs)

- Neerasadipati : Non Commodities (Metals, Gemstones) 

The Raja is the top most person in the cabinet and most sought after leading the reigns. The Mantri is the next most important and adviser to the King in matters of general public health and lifestyle. The Senadipati is the leader of the army and able folly to the King with regard to law and weapons. Arghyadipati deals largely with the state of water levels but also controls the finance side of things such as the pricing of Agricultural produce. Meghadipati takes the portfolio of ascertaining the weather and estimating the amount of rainfalls expected to be prevalent. Sasyadipati details the prediction of the growth of crops and Dhanyadipathi is all about the production of grains. Rasadipati tackles the essential commodities sector and Neerasadipati manages metal produce including jewellery and precious stones.

The Nava Nayaka calculation occurs largely based on the position of Sun but the rulers of the respective 9 positions can be any of the 7 planets sans the nodes Rahu & Ketu. It is generally believed that natural malefic planets getting majority of the portfolios indicates administration being tough and strict during that particular year whereas presence of more beneficial planets ruling the reigns can designate more well being. The Nava Nayaka for all the 9 portfolios are calculated as below:

Raja:
Basis - Day of Tithi (Relationship between Sun and Moon based on angular distance)
Specific - Day Lord of Shukla Paksha Pratipada in Chaitra month

Mantri:
Basis - Day of Sun's entry in zodiac sign
Specific - Day Lord of Sun's entry in Aries (Mesha Rasi)

Senadipati:
Basis - Day of Sun's entry in zodiac sign
Specific - Day Lord of Sun's entry in Leo (Simha Rasi)

Arghyadipati:
Basis - Day of Sun's entry in zodiac sign
Specific - Day Lord of Sun's entry in Gemini (Mithuna Rasi)

Meghadipati:
Basis - Day of Sun's entry in Nakshatra
Specific - Day Lord of Sun's entry in Arudra Nakshatra (Tiruvadirai)

Sasyadipati:
Basis - Day of Sun's entry in zodiac sign
Specific - Day Lord of Sun's entry in Cancer (Karka Rasi)

Dhanyadipati:
Basis - Day of Sun's entry in zodiac sign
Specific - Day Lord of Sun's entry in Sagittarius (Dhanus Rasi)

Rasadipati:
Basis - Day of Sun's entry in zodiac sign
Specific - Day Lord of Sun's entry in Libra (Thula Rasi)

Neerasadipati:
Basis - Day of Sun's entry in zodiac sign
Specific - Day Lord of Sun's entry in Capricorn (Makara Rasi)

Thus in 7 of the 9 cases, Nava Nayaka is determined based on the day of Sun's entry into different zodiacs namely Aries, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Libra, Sagittarius and Capricorn. For determining the 'Raja' it is based on the first Tithi of the brighter half that takes place when Sun is placed in Pisces Rasi and for obtaining 'Meghadipathi', it is the day when Sun enters Arudra Nakshatra.

There is also a concept of Pashunayaka which arises based on the planet that takes the reigns of the Raja position. Pashunayaka is decoded based on the following:
If Raja is Sun or Mars - Pashunayaka will be Yama
If Raja is Moon, Jupiter or Venus - Pashunayaka will be Sri Krishna
If Raja is Mercury or Saturn - Pashunayaka will be Balarama

Let's go about computing the Nava Nakaya planets of all the 9 portfolios for the current Samvatsara in operation which happens to be Shobakritu.

Raja:
Calculation: Day Lord of Shukla Paksha Pratipada Tithi during Sunrise in Chaitra month
Outcome: The Sun and Moon conjunct in Meena Rasi (Pisces) forming Shukla Paksha Pratipada Tithi which takes place on 21st March 2023 at 22:54 hours. This happens to be on a Tuesday. However since sunrise is not prevalent, we need to consider the day this Tithi occurs when sunrise is present which happens to be Wednesday, 22nd March 2023. Hence the Raja for the year is 'Mercury'
Result: Raja = Mercury

Mantri:
Calculation: Day Lord of Sun's entry in Aries (Mesha Rasi)
Outcome: The Sun transits into Mesha Rasi on 14th April 2023 at 14:27 hours. This happens to be a Friday. Day Lord for Friday is Venus. Hence Mantri for the year is Venus
Result: Mantri = Venus

Senadipati:
Calculation: Day Lord of Sun's entry in Leo (Simha Rasi)
Outcome: The Sun transits into Simha Rasi on 17th August 2023 at 13:01 hours. This happens to be a Thursday. Day Lord for Thursday is Jupiter. Hence Senadipati for the year is Jupiter
Result: Senadipati = Jupiter

Arghyadipati:
Calculation: Day Lord of Sun's entry in Gemini (Mithuna Rasi)
Outcome: The Sun transits into Mithuna Rasi on 15th June 2023 at 17:44 hours. This happens to be a Thursday. Day Lord for Thursday is Jupiter. Hence Arghyadipati for the year is Jupiter
Result: Arghyadipati = Jupiter

Meghadipati:
Calculation: Day Lord of Sun's entry in Arudra Nakshatra (Tiruvadirai)
Outcome: The Sun transits into Arudra Nakshatra on 22nd June 2023 at 17:17 hours. This happens to be a Thursday. Day Lord for Thursday is Jupiter. Hence Meghadipati for the year is Jupiter
Result: Meghadipati = Jupiter

Sasyadipati:
Calculation: Day Lord of Sun's entry in Cancer (Kataka Rasi)
Outcome: The Sun transits into Kataka Rasi on 17th July 2023 at 04:35 hours. This happens to be a Monday as per English Day but Sunday as per the Vedic Calendar since a Hindu Day begins from sunrise and ends during the next day Sunrise. However since the day is almost over, only Monday is considered for this portfolio with sunrise being prevalent. Day Lord for Monday is Moon. Hence Sasyadipati for the year is Moon
Result: Sasyadipati = Moon

Dhanyadipati:
Calculation: Day Lord of Sun's entry in Sagittarius (Dhanus Rasi)
Outcome: The Sun transits into Dhanus Rasi on 16th December 2023 at 15:28 hours. This happens to be a Saturday. Day Lord for Saturday is Saturn. Hence Dhanyadipati for the year is Saturn
Result: Dhanyadipati = Saturn

Rasadipati:
Calculation: Day Lord of Sun's entry in Libra (Thula Rasi)
Outcome: The Sun transits into Thula Rasi on 18th October 2023 at 00:59 hours. This happens to be a Tuesday as per English Day but Wednesday as per the Vedic Calendar since a Hindu Day begins from sunrise and ends during the next day Sunrise. However since the day is almost over, only Wednesday is considered for this portfolio with sunrise being prevalent. Day Lord for Wednesday is Mercury. Hence Rasadipati for the year is Mercury
Result: Rasadipati = Mercury

Neerasadipati:
Calculation: Day Lord of Sun's entry in Capricorn (Makara Rasi)
Outcome: The Sun transits into Makara Rasi on Saturday, 15th January 2024 at 02:13 hours. This happens to be a Monday as per English Day but Sunday as per the Vedic Calendar since a Hindu Day begins from sunrise and ends during the next day Sunrise. However since the day is almost over, only Monday is considered for this portfolio with sunrise being prevalent. Day Lord for Monday is Moon. Hence Neerasadipati for the year is Moon
Result: Neerasadipati = Moon

Note:
It is important to note that a Vedic Day begins only from Sunrise as opposed to a standard English Calendar day which starts at 12AM. Generally the mean sunrise adopted is 6AM as that is considered to be the approximate standard time in which Sun rises within most places in India. Thus, it can be roughly assimilated that 6AM is Sunrise time and 6PM is Sunset time. While calculating Navanayaka, if any of the planetary transits takes place after 6PM, as per Surya Siddhantha only the next day is considered into the equation though as per Drik Siddhantha which deals with observable placement in the skies, it could have taken place in the previous day. This needs to be carefully looked at while determining Navanayaka portfolio.

Ayanamsa used for the calculation of Navanayaka is Lahiri Chitra Paksha and the place considered is Chennai, India. There could be a change in planetary portfolio based on the Ayanamsa adopted. Also for all cases of Navanayaka, since only the day lord is considered into the equation and since the shadow planets Rahu and Ketu do not rule any of the days, they do not hold ground to become the Navanayaka's for any of the 9 portfolios in operation.

Listed below is the current operational Samvatsara cycle that runs from 1987-88 to 2046-47.

3 Spine Chilling Sporting Thrillers to round off 2022

The year 2022 was writ large and abuzz with sporting events aplenty from different nooks and corners of the world. I would like to particularly single out 3 remarkable days which are all Sunday showdowns apparently from 3 different fields from the sporting calendar that hold a special place in the heart. Incidentally 2 of these took place in the perennially loved sporting city of Melbourne in Australia with the third being a masterpiece from the Middle Eastern region of Doha in Qatar. Also 2 of these were Grand Finales and the other just a group stage encounter but totally worth it's weight in gold. 

The sports in question happen to be cricket, tennis and football. Cricket is a sport that I have followed since perpetuity by constantly keeping a tab on the different series taking place in various parts of the world. Tennis as a sport has largely been about viewing the Grand Slams and a little bit of the big ticket Masters events. Also I've keenly followed the progress of three of the most influential tennis players not just of this generation but of all time viz Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic. When it comes to Football, it's about largely being in sync with club events such as Premier League, Champions League etc. but more importantly about keeping track of major country events such as Euro, Copa America and especially the World Cup that takes place once every 4 years. 

The year of 2022 produced some vintage rippers from these 3 historical sports. The uncanny but common theme prevailing across these three memorable matches is the fact that they all looked like being just another typical sporting match up with sudden twists and turn of events resulting in a multitude of ebbs & flows effectively culminating and eventually catapulting these matches into virtual all time classics and going down the annals as contests to recollect for a lifetime. 

The architects engineering these rip snorters happen to be celebrated names from these 3 sports viz Rafael Nadal, Lionel Messi and Virat Kohli. Ironically they even happen to be born in back to back years of 1986, 1987 and 1988 respectively. Their exploits in the sporting battle under immense pressure also addresses the adage of "Class is Temporary, Form is Permanent" in a resounding manner. They were all under the hammer faced with extreme adversity and that is when they perfectly exhibited their caliber paving way for their fans to go into raptures and capping off a win to cherish for eternity. 

Thus, an ode to three heart thumping chest pumping spine chilling tearjerkers that truly define the character of what could be termed as sporting blockbusters of 2022 includes the following:

1) Tennis - Australian Open Final - Rafael Nadal defeated Danii Medvedev - Sunday, 30th Jan 2022 - Melbourne Park, Melbourne, Australia

2) Cricket - ICC T20 World Cup Group Stage - India defeated Pakistan - Sunday, 23rd Oct 2022 - Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), Melbourne, Australia

3) Football - FIFA World Cup Final - Argentina defeated France - Sunday, 18th Dec 2022 - Lusail Stadium, Doha, Qatar

1) Sport: Tennis, Event: Australian Open Final, Architect: Rafael Nadal 

Even before the start of a ball being hit by a racquet, the whole tournament was mired in controversy with defending champion and 9 time winner Novak Djokovic barred from participating due to vaccine reasons. This paved the way for Rafael Nadal to up his game and reach the final yet again. For starters, this had been historically Rafa's worst performing Grand Slam and he had come a cropper many a time losing agonizing finals to his nemesis Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer in the past. In the final was looming large the lanky Russian Medvedev who had just beaten Novak Djokovic in the previous Grand Slam final contested which was the US Open of 2021 thus preventing Nole from winning all 4 Grand Slams in the same year and also establishing that the Big 3 remained tied at 20 each in the Grand Slam race. Medvedev was clearly the favorite for this contest and he got the ball rolling right from the beginning ambushing Nadal from the word go. Having taken a 2 set lead and with a break in the third, it all looked more or less a formality before the beast mode being activated all of a sudden by the rampaging bull from Spain. Nobody knew from where Rafa got the energy to fight but what happened in the next couple of hours was sheer herculean brilliance from Nadal as he staved up point after point taking the match to a decider and finally sealing it 7-5 in the fifth set. Rafa was overcome with emotion with the turnaround being absolutely astonishing. Rafa also eclipsed the Grand Slam count to become the first man to go to 21 Grand Slams in a bitter sweet title triumph putting all past demons to rest and exceedingly elevating his fighter ship qualities to a zenith level perhaps that could sparsely ever be comprehended. Rafa Nadal would no doubt go down as the greatest clay court player ever to have donned the game but this win in a surface not supposedly his favorite and the manner of victory virtually rising from the Ashes will go down seemingly as one of his sweetest and perfectly epitomizes the hallmark of a champion showcasing the art of what a fightback and comeback is all about. 

2) Sport: Cricket, Event: Ind vs Pak T20 World Cup Group Stage, Architect: Virat Kohli

India vs Pakistan clashes always attracts the eye balls and this one was billed to be a biggie and turned out to be a bombastic blockbuster. The Melbourne Cricket Ground which is one of the oldest and biggest stadiums in the world was all ecstatic having packed an audience of over 90000 cheering on for their respective teams. The 'G' as you call it was witnessing an India vs Pakistan World Cup game after 30 years since the 1992 ODI World Cup and the excitement was palpable with it being a showdown one just couldn't resist. Coming to some background information, India had an enviable winning record against Pakistan in World Cup encounters having won 12 out of 13 previous contests before this one. It was actually 12 wins on the trot for India but however Pakistan had finally broken the deadlock by literally tearing apart this unsavory record by recording a win in emphatic fashion through a commanding 10 wicket romp of their opponents in the last World Cup of 2021. The World Cup hoodoo against India which was plaguing them for so long had been arrested and Pakistan seemed to be on top once again for large portions of this game. After scoring a respectable 159, they had India on the mat by ripping through India's top order and placing them in a precarious position of 31/4. Kohli and Hardik did try to salvage the ship through a steady partnership but the required run rate was just oozing beyond acceptable levels. India needed an almost improbable 48 to win off the last 3 overs when Virat Kohli suddenly activated God Mode. His dispatchment of back to back sixes off Rauf was some of the cleanest hitting ever witnessed. Ashwin finally hitting a straight boundary off the last delivery to signal an Indian victory had the crowd go into euphoria and dancing in delight. India had pulled off a victory of unparalleled proportions which looked way beyond the bridge at one point but one man Virat Kohli through his sheer will and magnificent batsmanship made it happen. With just this one knock, Virat had avenged all his detractors who had called for his axing by constructing a T20 knock for the ages in such a high pressure taxing environment. Though this was only a group stage game, this victory would rank as one of India's finest ever in the T20 format and one to savor for a long time to come. 

3) Sport: Football, Event: Arg vs Fra FIFA World Cup Final, Architect: Lionel Messi

The FIFA World Cup of 2022 was the 22nd edition to have been staged with its existence going back almost a century back to 1930 when the initial World Cup was held in Uruguay. It was the first ever World Cup to be held in an Arab nation and just the second World Cup to be held in Asia. This was also the first World Cup ever to be conducted during the end of the year with almost all World Cups prior to this being staged around the middle of the year. The event courted a lot of controversy for some of the event handling but ended up being a World Cup to remember especially with so many smaller known unfancied teams toppling big giants of the game. The final was perhaps a testimony to signify that the best had been reserved for the last and boy oh boy what a game of epic proportions it eventually turned out to be. That however wasn't the case for more than 3/4th of the game with Argentina literally dominating the field of play and what looked like a resolutely comfortable victory for Albiceleste turned out to be an almost absolute nightmare at the end. The peaks and troughs foreseen right from when France were 0-2 down to equalizing at 2-2 before taking it to extra time only for Argentina's talisman Lionel Messi to get the lead back again at 3-2 only giving away immediately to a late penalty scored by Frenchman Mbappe completing a terrific hattrick to make it to 3-3 and then once again the drama of the penalty shoot out which Argentina finally managed to scamper through was all jaw dropping stuff of the highest order. Those last 45 minutes of the game was not just intense but also insane with fans shuffling for breath not knowing what was going to happen next. It was breathtaking to witness the sea of events which just kept going berserk all over the place. It felt like this game should really have not had a loser but in the end it was heartbreak for France and pure ecstasy for Argentina who had reclaimed the World title after 36 years making Buenos Aires go in to a frenzy. Argentina also managed to avenge their defeat to France who had knocked them out in the previous World Cup of 2018 in the pre quarterfinal stage. In the end Football was the winner and the entertainment that was got to witness was monumental to say the least. Lionel Messi capped of his career with the one silver lining that was missing in his kitty and the one that he so badly wanted viz the Jules Rimet World Cup trophy. This also enabled him to match the feat of his illustrious countryman Diego Maradona who last won the World Cup for their beloved country way back in 1986. The final held on 18th December 2022 was one of the last sporting events of the calendar year and it was a treat for everyone to witness this rip roaring sporting spectacle.

2022 was certainly a year for the sporting fraternity with plenty of highs and lows. There were many memorable moments and a plethora of records that had been smashed over the course of the year. The 3 matches picked to represent their respective sports not only act as testimony to the greatness produced but also stand as true torchbearers that will testify the leap of time.

The phenomenon of Janma Nakshatra coinciding with English Birthday once every 19 years!

In the South of India and also in countries like Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore, the Janma Nakshatra of Moon is given high prominence. It is a tradition to tell the constellation of Moon star and offer prayers to God for one's well being. Birthdays are mostly celebrated on the rising birth star during the respective solar month in which one is born.

It is generally witnessed that every 19th year in one's life the Nakshatra at birth and the English Birthday date seems to coincide and is known to be pretty auspicious. There is however a mathematical computation as well as a reasoning based on why such a phenomenon usually occurs.

One needs to know a couple of basics before going into the specifics. First up is about the Sun which takes 365.25 days to cover it's full round of the 360 degree zodiac in order to return back to its natal solar position. A calendar year however consists of 365 days and every 4th year happens to be a leap year consisting of 366 days. The reason for the leap year is because the earth's orbit around the sun takes 365.25 days approx and to factor that 0.25 days, an extra day is added once in every 4 years.

Now coming to the moon, it takes approx 27.32 days to cover all the 27 Nakshatras or in essence you could say the 360 degrees of the zodiac. A nakshatra covers a distance of 13 degrees 20 minutes of the 360 degree band zodiac belt making the total nakshatra count as 27 (360 degrees divided by 13 degrees 20 minutes). The average daily motion of the moon is 13 degrees 10 minutes and 36 seconds. Converting this in zodiac space minutes, it traverses 790.60 minutes (13*60+10+36/60) in a day and the total nakshatra span happens to be 800 minutes (13*60+20). Hence a Nakshatra remains in the sky for a little over a days time or you can say 24 hours 17 mins and 7 seconds to be more precise (Please note this is also approximate as its based on mean daily motion). In effect to cover all the 27 nakshatras it takes roughly 27.32 days [648 hours (27 nakshatras*24 hours), 459 minutes (27 nakshatras*17 minutes) and 189 seconds (27 nakshatras*7 seconds)].

Thus within a calendar year of 365 days, moon makes 13 full rounds which will be 27.32*13=355.16 days which we shall approximate to 355 days. Thus in a way we can say that a solar year is 365 days and moon lunar year is 355 days. On the date of our birth or 0th year, the constellation which is rising in the skies happens to be our Janma Nakshatra. We celebrate our 1st birthday after the completion of 365 days but the moon completes 13 rounds in 355 days and we see a gap of 10 days between our English Birthday and our star birthday. In the 2nd year the gap becomes 20 days, 3rd year it becomes 30 days but within that span of 30 days, the Moon completes a set of Nakshatras in 27.32 days making the reminder as 3. In the 4th year you see 40 days difference and reminder is 13 and for 5th year reminder will be 23. In the 6th year when the difference heads to 60 days (365*6 less 355*6), moon will complete 2 rounds of 27.32 days which is roughly 55 days and still you would see a reminder of 5 days. This keeps happening until the 19th year when the difference becomes 190 days (365*19 less 355*19). When you divide this figure by 27.32, the reminder becomes 0 with the point difference being very minimal. (190÷27.32 equals approx 7 with fraction reminder). Hence most likely only once in every 19 years, your original Nakshatra at birth ends up arriving on the date of your birthday.

Additionally, it is often seen that the first star birthday is celebrated in a prominent way with the event being termed 'Ayush Homam'. This day will always end up being either 10 days before the actual English Birthday or 17 days after the English Birthday. As you would have guessed 10+17=27 which is the number of days for one nakshatra cycle to get covered. The reason it occurs on either 10 days before or 17 days after is because it also has to coincide with the solar month in which one has taken birth.

Important Facts and Information with respect to Janma Nakshatra:
- The Janma Nakshatra should be celebrated based upon the Luni-Solar month
A lunisolar calendar is a calendar whose date indicates a mixture of both the phase of the Moon and the time of the solar year, hence a combination of the lunar as well as the solar calendar. As an illustration let's say someone were born in the constellation of Rohini on Jan 21st in the solar month of Thai which usually runs from around mid of January to mid of February. Hence while celebrating birthday based on Janma Nakshatra, both these factors need to be ensured. There could be a case of Rohini Nakshatra to occur on say Jan 13th and at that time the solar month of Thai wouldn't have begun yet. Thus in such a case, celebration should be deferred until around Feb 9th or 10th when Rohini Nakshatra would coincide with the Tamil month of Thai. In such a case, the Janma Nakshatra Birthday could be almost 20 days away from one's actual English Birthday but the rule of Nakshatra coinciding with the solar month should always be adhered to.

- Birth Star occurring twice in a Solar month, only second one should be considered
If the Janma Nakshatra occurs twice within a given solar month, only the second occasion needs to be pigeonholed as Janma Nakshatra Birthday. Let's say someone was born in Revathi Nakshatra during the month of Chaitra which normally runs from Apr 14th to May 14th. Suppose Revathi star occurs twice within this phase for instance both on Apr 15th and May 12th, only the latter date of 12th May needs to be considered for the purpose of celebrating Birthday based on Janma Nakshatra

- Birth Star falling in 2 consecutive Solar Days, only second one to be considered
There can be instances of one's Nakshatra falling across 2 days. In such a case only the second one needs to be considered. The important thing to note is that Sunrise should be prevalent and hence the second date gains prominence. Even in cases where the birth star runs before Sunrise on Day1 and ends after Sunrise on Day2, the second day only should be taken into account. Only in such a scenario where the sunrise lasts for less than a third of the Nadika or a sixth of a Muhurtha which is just about 8 minutes on the second day, on that basis alone the first day can be considered presuming the Nakshatra started before Sunrise on Day1. However in extreme cases of Sunrise not being prevalent on both days, then the Janma Nakshatra day should be put on hold and be taken into consideration only in the next Solar month though it would end up being different from the solar month in which one were born.

Note:
The below is to understand how the calculation works. For simplicity we are taking 365 Days as Solar Year and Moon Year as 355 Days. But in actuality the Solar year is around 365.25 Days and a Moon's rotation within a complete solar year of 360 Degrees is around 13 times and takes 355.16 Days. You would see that in the 19th year the reminder is just 1 only because we have not considered fractions and likewise for 38th year it is 2, again on account of not taking the fractions which if taken ends up being close to nil and makes the English Birthday and Star Birthday tally exactly.

Year 1: Solar Cycle 365 Days Moon Cycle 355 Days Difference = 10 Days

Year 2 : Solar Cycle 365*2 Days Moon Cycle 355*2 Days Difference = 20 Days

Year 3 : Solar Cycle 365*3 Days Moon Cycle 355*3 Days Difference = 30 Days but one extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 3 Days (30-27)

Year 4 : Solar Cycle 365*4 Days Moon Cycle 355*4 Days Difference = 40 but one extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 13 Days (40-27)

Year 5 : Solar Cycle 365*5 Days Moon Cycle 355*5 Days Difference = 50 but one extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 23 Days (50-27)

Year 6 : Solar Cycle 365*6 Days Moon Cycle 355*6 Days Difference = 60 but two extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 6 Days (60-54)

Year 7 : Solar Cycle 365*7 Days Moon Cycle 355*7 Days Difference = 70 but two extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 16 Days (70-54)
Year 8 : Solar Cycle 365*8 Days Moon Cycle 355*8 Days Difference = 80 but two extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 26 Days (80-54)
Year 9 : Solar Cycle 365*9 Days Moon Cycle 355*9 Days Difference = 90 but three extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 9 Days (90-81)
Year 10 : Solar Cycle 365*10 Days Moon Cycle 355*10 Days Difference = 100 but three extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 19 Days (100-81)
Year 19 : Solar Cycle 365*19 Days Moon Cycle 355*19 Days Difference = 190 but seven extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 1 Days (190-189)

Year 30 : Solar Cycle 365*30 Days Moon Cycle 355*30 Days Difference = 300 but seven extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 3 Days (300-297)

Year 38 : Solar Cycle 365*38 Days Moon Cycle 355*38 Days Difference = 380 but fourteen extra cycle formed by Moon of 27 Days, hence net difference = 2 Days (380-378)

It should also be noted that every once in 3 years an extra month called Adhik maasa (365 solar year less 355 day lunar year = 10 days a year*3 years = 30 days or 1 month) is added as a technical correction in order to bridge the difference and synchronize the lunar and solar calendar. However this has no bearing with respect to the Moon's revolution across the 27 Nakshatras or 360 degree zodiacal orbit path.