The number of times a team has lost by an innings after securing 400 or more in the first innings in 140 years of test cricket from 1877 to 2016 before Dec'16 - Just 2 times
The number of times it has happened only in Dec'16 - Thrice with England being victim twice at Mumbai and Chennai and now Pakistan at Melbourne.
After taking a 2-0 lead in the 5 match series, India were looking to seal the series against tourists England. One would recall that England was the last team who had in fact managed to defeat the home side in Indian shores. After the first test which ended in a tame draw, nothing much was going right for the visiting side. In the 4th test at Mumbai, England won the toss and managed to post a significant total of 400. India however overhauled this target and posted a much higher score of 631 thanks largely to a scintillating double ton by Kohli and also hundreds for Murali Vijay and Jayant Yadav. England were never really in it trying to address the huge deficit of over 200 runs and ended being bundled out for 195 giving India an innings victory. Ravi Ashwin was the spin demon capturing 6 apiece in both the innings. Coming to the last test of the series in Chennai, England were looking to salvage some pride. They again won the toss and put up a very respectable total of 477 which looked unlikely for them to lose this test, but India came blazing back and usurped their total and went on to post a mammoth 759. Karun Nair became the second triple centurion and KL Rahul was unlucky to miss out on a well deserved double hundred by agonisingly falling one run short. England were just looking to hang around and save this test when out came Jadeja who spun a web around the English batsman to take career best figures of 7/48 to seal India a remarkable victory which looked extremely unlucky at one stage.
On the other end of the fence in the boxing day test match between Australia and Pakistan, the visitors put up a commendable show after opting to bat first posting a total well above 400 thanks largely to a supreme double century by opener Azhar Ali who remained not out till the very end. Australia however hit back sharply posting over 600 with multiple contributions by their batsman. A lead of almost 200 seemed too daunting for the Pakistanis who capitulated in the second innings to fold up for a score of 163 handing Australia a win by an innings.
Thus, just in the month of December 2016, Test Cricket saw a record never seen before of 3 matches where teams after conceding over 400 came back to win the test match. In almost 140 years prior, this had happened only twice and just in one month this feat occurred on 3 occasions.
This is the reason I absolutely adore test cricket. It continues to evolve and you always have surprise elements and it all happens within the realms of the tried and tested tradition. This game and format never really ceases to amaze.